What is New Public Administration?
The anti-positivist, anti-technical, and anti-hierarchical tenets of New Public Administration are a reaction against the traditional positivist, technical, and hierarchical tenets of public administration.
A theory is put into practice to respond to the ever-evolving requirements of the public and the way that institutions and leaders meet those requirements.
The role of the government and how it can offer these services to citizens who are a member of the public interest will be the primary focus. However, public policy will be one of many methods considered. The New Public Administration is defined as a response to the public, the public, being impacted by and affecting the activities of all other members of society.
The New Public Administration was an attempt to "think differently" about how government administration should be conducted. The focus is on service delivery, mediating among the different points of view and, in that way, achieving optimization of resources.
The underlying assumption is that the public sector can learn from the private sector and vice versa. The business world has evolved into a more open and flexible way of thinking about problems (rather than looking for one all-encompassing solution) by “doing first and formulating theory afterward.”
The subject of New Public Administration:
Before the 1960s, the primary concerns of public administration were budgeting, efficiency, choice, and strategy implementation. However, the events that transpired in the decades following the end of the Second World War posed a challenge to the fundamental ideas or aspects of public administration.
The consensus was that the public administration should be completely reorganized. The proponents of the new public administration brought up some issues, such as the importance of ethics and values, as well as the growth of each member within the organization.
Once more, during the seventies of the previous century, the idea of justice came to be accorded a great deal of importance. In his seminal work entitled "A Theory of Justice," John Rawls posed how justice should be carried out.
In his revised theory of justice, John Rawls proposed that social and economic disparities are to be organized so that they are both (a) reasonably assumed to be everyone's advantage and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all." This was one of the central tenets of Rawls's theory.
Additionally, Rawls has proposed that "every person is to have an equal opportunity to the most thorough of equal basic liberties suitable with a similar scheme of liberties for others."
If we take the time to carefully examine this newly proposed framework for the administration of justice, we will see that it requires fundamental reform. Because if there is a significant shift in how public administration is run, justice will only be guaranteed for some members of society.
Indeed, John Rawls did not propose any change in public administration, and the reason for this is that this was outside of Rawls's jurisdiction. However, this does not mean that Rawls should have considered the possibility of such a change.
It is also important to note that the meaning and substance of liberalism began to shift and develop during the decade of the 1970s in the previous century. The traditional liberal ideology was incapable of adapting to the new pressures that were being placed on society.
People yearned for greater personal freedom and fewer restrictions imposed by the state. The precise function of the state would be comparable to that of a security guard. Earlier periods saw an aggressive state, which an aggressive public administration mirrored.
In this new era, there should be significant reductions in the state's power, and the public administration should modify itself with a new philosophical orientation, namely the liberal one.
Liberal ideology does not have its values, ethics, or philosophy devalued. There is an absolute requirement for bureaucracy. However, protecting freedom and maintaining justice must be the bureaucracy's primary goals and functions. A concept known as new bureaucracy has been floating around the academic market recently.
New Public Administration and Globalisation:
The New Public Administration has been called into question and criticized by the modern 'globalization movement' because of its emphasis on the importance of values, ethics, and justice.
This is because Globalisation has no interest in such 'niceties.' Instead, it calls for a more realistic and pragmatic perspective on how the world should be run. Globalization has been described as the result of the increased interdependence of nations, regions, and communities resulting from technological advancements.
The New Public Administration theory, however, is based on a philosophy that is opposed to the idea that humans should be instrumentalized for the betterment of a larger cause.
The increasingly globalizing world requires more pragmatism; it needs international agreements, laws, and national reforms capable of dealing with real threats to international security and stability.
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