Who Is The Father Of Genetic Engineering?
In 1972, Paul Berg pioneered genetic engineering. He successfully introduced the gene for the SV-40 virus into the bacterium with the assistance of the lambda phage. Berg is commonly referred to as the "Father of Genetic Engineering." He was presented with the Nobel Prize in 1980.
Recombinant DNA, also known as hybrid DNA, is a type created when two different types of DNA are joined together.
His work investigated the chromosomal structure of viruses and the biochemical foundation of human genes. In 1998, he and his collaborator were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work.
Paul Berg is a well-known scientist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was born in the United States on June 30, 1926. In 1980, he was one of three individuals who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry; the other two were Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger.
Their contributions to fundamental nucleic acid research were recognized with this award for those efforts. Berg received his undergraduate degree from Penn State University, where he studied biochemistry as his primary academic concentration.
In 1952, he graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Biochemistry from Case Western Reserve University. In addition to his work as the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine director, Berg was a professor at the Washington University School of Medicine and the Stanford University School of Medicine. He also worked in the field of genetic medicine.
Furthermore, to the Nobel Prize, Berg was proffered with the National Medal of Science in 1983 and the National Library of Medicine Medal in 1986. Berg is a board member of Sponsors for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
Genetic Engineering
The manipulation of an organism's genetic material is the focus of the scientific discipline known as genetic engineering. Transgenesis, the technique of transferring genes from one creature to another, was the first artificial genetic change done using biotechnology.
It was originally accomplished in 1973 by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen. Transgenesis is the process of transferring genes. It resulted from a string of technological developments that led to the possibility of direct manipulation of the genome.
Discoveries such as restriction enzymes and DNA ligases, the capacity to construct plasmids, and technologies such as polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were all significant steps forward in molecular biology.
The process of inserting foreign DNA into a host organism was made possible by the development of biolistics, Agrobacterium-mediated recombination, and microinjection. Rudolf Jaenisch's mouse, which he made in 1974, is the first genetically engineered animal.
In 1976, the method was made available for commercial use when genetically modified bacteria were developed that produced somatostatin. In 1978, insulin was developed using the same technique.
Tobacco was the first plant to be genetically modified when, in 1983, a gene that makes it resistant to antibiotics was introduced into the plant. Following these developments, scientists could alter the genes of various creatures, add new genes to existing organisms, and bring about various outcomes.
Plants were first made available for sale with the introduction of virus-resistant tobacco in China in 1992. The Flavr Savr tomato initially brought to market in 1994, is considered the first genetically engineered product.
By 2010, 29 countries had begun planting biotech crops for commercial purposes. Golden rice was the first food to be made with increased nutrient content. It was unveiled in 2000 in an article published in the journal Science.
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